Wildlife safaris to the national parks are organised by a number of tour operators (see the Resorts & Excursions section for further information on national parks). Safaris are usually in 4-wheel-drive vehicles, but walking safaris (with a guide only) or travelling by mule are also possible. Ethiopia is also noted for its rich birdlife (over 850 species are recorded) and hence offers some of the best birdwatching in Africa, notably at Abiyata. For further details on safaris and trekking, contact the Embassy or the Ethiopian Commission for Tourism (see Contact Addresses section).

The wild terrain and beautiful landscapes offer good trekking and hiking opportunities. The best areas for these activities include Simien Mountains National Park, which has spectacular views and a large variety of wildlife; the moorlands of the Bale Plateau; the countryside around Lalibela; and the wilderness of the Awash River. Trips last between three and 10 days, and English-speaking guides can be hired locally.

Horses and mules still play an important part in the transportation of people and goods, and horseriding can therefore be practised in most parts of Ethiopia. Pony treks in the Simien Mountains allow visitors to reach remote areas not accessible by car.

There is excellent swimming in the lakes of the Rift Valley, especially Lake Langano, which has a resort with well-developed facilities offering windsurfing and waterskiing. Natural springs in the Awash National Park or at Sodere Filwoha often create pools suitable for swimming. As bilharzia may be present, visitors should enquire locally (see Health appendix for further information). The rivers and streams of the Bale Mountains, in the southeast, and the many lakes in the Rift Valley provide excellent fishing, particularly for trout. Local fishermen offer trips in their own boats. Dugout canoes or traditional papyrus boats can also be hired. Sailing and organised boat trips are available on the spectacular Lake Tana, which contains 37 islands, many of which also have monasteries that can be visited. Whitewater rafting is possible on parts of the Omo River and the Blue Nile.

Expeditions can be made to various sites, for instance the Bale National Park. Bicycle Africa can provide further information (website: www.ibike.org/bikeafrica).