Generally very warm, but low temperatures can occur, particularly in the mountains and valleys. Most of the rainfall is in the west.

Azerbaijan is bordered by the Russian Federation, Georgia and Iran, and is divided by the Republic of Armenia into a smaller western part in the Lesser Caucasus and a larger eastern part, stretching from the Greater Caucasus to the Mugan, Mili and Shirvan Steppes and bordered by the Caspian Sea in the east. Its highest peaks are Mount Bazar-Dyuzi (4114m/13,497ft) and Sag-Dag (3886m/12,749ft).