The national airline is South African Airways (SA) (website: www.flysaa.com). There are frequent direct and indirect flights by numerous major airlines from destinations throughout Europe and North America.

None.

Cape Town (CPT) (Cape Town International) is 22km (16 miles) east of the city. To/from the airport: Inter-Cape buses run 24 hours and meet all incoming and outgoing flights. Courtesy buses are operated by some hotels. Taxis are available, with a surcharge after 2300 (journey time - 20 minutes); Touch Down Taxis are the officially authorised airport taxi firm. Facilities: Duty-free shop, car hire, bank/bureau de change and restaurant/bar.

Bloemfontein (BFN) (Bloemfontein International) is 10km (6 miles) east of the city (journey time – 15 minutes). To/from the airport: There is an airport shuttle bus to the city centre (leaving from outside the airport building). Taxis are also available. Facilities: ATMs, restaurants, car hire and conference facilities.

Durban (DUR) (Durban International) is 18km (11 miles) southwest of the city (journey time – 20 minutes). To/from the airport: Airport buses and taxis are available to the city. Facilities: Duty-free shop, car hire, bank/bureau de change and bar/restaurant.

Johannesburg (JNB) (O R Tambo International) is 22km (14 miles) east of the city (journey time – 35 minutes). To/from the airport: Bus services to Pretoria and Johannesburg are available. Buses link Kempton Park with Johannesburg. Taxis are available. Courtesy coaches are operated by some major hotels. Facilities: Duty-free shops, post office, car hire, bank/bureau de change, medical clinic, conference facilities, restaurant and bar.

Port Elizabeth (PLZ) (Port Elizabeth International) is 5km (3 miles) west of the Capital Business District. To/from the airport: There is an airport shuttle bus to the main international hotels in Port Elizabeth upon request. Taxis are also available. Facilities: ATM, conference facilities, information desk, restaurants and pubs, shops, pharmacy, postal services, car hire.

For more information regarding the airports, contact Airports Company South Africa (website: www.airports.co.za).

Main ports: Cape Town, Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth.

Cruises are offered by various companies between South Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands.

The main routes are from South Africa to Zimbabwe, Botswana and Mozambique. Contact South African Railways (SPOORNET) (website: www.spoornet.co.za) for further information.

There are main routes into South Africa from Botswana (via Ramatlabama), Lesotho, Mozambique (check with local police about state of road and safety), Namibia, Swaziland and Zimbabwe (via Beit Bridge).

Daily flights link Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, East London, Johannesburg, Kimberley, Port Elizabeth and Pretoria and with other connecting flights to provincial towns. South African Airways operates on the principal routes.

Africa Explorer: a special fare available to foreign visitors entering South Africa with an IATA airline. It offers a significant saving for anyone planning to use South African Airways’ internal network. The fare is valid for a minimum of three days and a maximum of two months: travel may originate and terminate at any point within South Africa that is served by the airline. Travel is not permitted more than once in the same direction over any given sector. There is also a reduction of approximately 30% on some standby fares. South African Airways has various other discount domestic fares including Apex, Slumber, Supersaver and Saver fares.

Cruises offer links between major ports.

The principal intercity services are as follows: the Blue Train (website: www.bluetrain.co.za) is a luxury express offering routes between Pretoria and Cape Town; the Trans-Oranje between Cape Town and Durban via Kimberley and Bloemfontein (weekly); and the Trans-Natal Express between Durban and Johannesburg (daily, except Tuesday). Rovos Rail (website: www.rovas.co.za) offers luxury (partly steam) safaris from Pretonia to Cape Town.

The Transnet Museum also offers various steam safaris around South Africa and Zimbabwe, and the Trans-Karoo Express travels between Cape Town, Johannesburg and Pretoria daily. All long-distance trains are equipped with sleeping compartments, included in fares, and most have restaurant cars. Reservations are recommended for principal trains and all overnight journeys. There are frequent local trains in the Cape Town and Pretoria/Johannesburg urban areas. All trains have first- and second-class accommodation. Children under two years of age travel free. Children aged two to 11 years pay half fare.

Traffic drives on the left. There is a well-maintained network of roads and motorways in populous regions. Around a third of roads are paved (with all major roads tarred to a high standard).

Bus/coach: Various operators, such as Greyhound, Intercape and Translux, run intercity express links using modern air-conditioned coaches. On many of the intercity routes, passengers may break their journey at any scheduled stop en route by prior arrangement at time of booking and continue on a subsequent coach at no extra cost other than for additional accommodation.

Taxi: Available throughout the country, at all towns, hotels and airports, with rates for distance and time. For long-distance travel, a quotation should be sought.

Car hire: To hire a car, travellers must have held a valid driving licence for five years. Self-drive and chauffeur-driven cars are available at most airports and in major city centres.

Regulations: In non-residential areas, speed limits are 120kph (75mph) and 60kph (35mph) in built up areas. Overtaking is permitted in any lane, including the hard shoulder. Fines for speeding are very heavy. It is illegal to carry petrol other than in built-in petrol tanks.

Documentation: An International Driving Permit is required. The minimum age is 23 (or 21 on presentation of an American Express/Diners card). Foreign licences in English are valid for up to 12 months.

Note: Visitors are advised to avoid the Berea and Hillbrow areas of Johannesburg. There has been a number of muggings around the Rotunda Bus Terminal in the city. As a result of the high level of car hijacking in the Kruger Park, there is currently an increased police presence.

There are bus and suburban rail networks in all the main towns. Fares in Cape Town and Johannesburg are zonal, with payment in cash or with 10-ride pre-purchase ‘clipcards’ from kiosks.

In Pretoria, there are various pre-purchase ticket systems, including a cheap pass for off-peak travel only. In Durban, conventional buses face stiff competition from minibuses and combi-taxis (both legal and illegal), which are also found in other South African towns. These, although cheap and very fast, should be used with care.

For ordinary taxis, fares within the city areas are more expensive than long distances. Taxis do not cruise and must be called from a rank. Taxi drivers expect a 10% tip.

The following chart gives approximate journey times (in hours and minutes) from Cape Town to other major cities/towns in South Africa.

	Air	Road	Rail
Johannesburg	2.00	15.00	24.00
Durban	2.00	18.00	38.00
Pretoria	2.00	16.00	26.00
Port Elizabeth	1.00	7.00	-