The national airline is Saudi Arabian Airlines (SV) (website: www.saudiairlines.com).

SAR50. Infants, Hajj or Umrah pilgrims and passengers accompanying human remains are exempt.

Riyadh (RUH) (King Khaled International) Airport is 35km (22 miles) north of the city. Facilities: Car hire, bureau de change, duty-free, restaurant and snack bar.

Dhahran (DHA) (Al Khobar) Airport is 13km (8 miles) southeast of Dhahran (journey time – 15 minutes).

Jeddah (JED) (King Abdul Aziz) Airport is 18km (11 miles) north of the city (journey time – 30 minutes). To/from the airport: Taxi and limousine services are available for Mecca, Medina and Taif. Facilities: Banks/bureaux de change, duty-free shopping, car hire, restaurants and tourist information points.

Dammam (DMM) (King Fahd International) Airport is 30km (19 miles) northwest of Dammam (journey time – 45 minutes). To/from the airport: Taxis are available from outside the airport. Facilities: Duty-free shopping, gift shop, restaurant and cafe.

Main ports: Dammam (Gulf), and Jeddah and Yanbu (Red Sea).

The principal international routes from Jordan are Amman to Dammam, Medina and Jeddah. There are also roads to Yemen (from Jeddah), Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. A causeway links Al Khobar with Bahrain. There are regular international buses between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey and United Arab Emirates.

There are many domestic airports and air travel is by far the most convenient way of travelling around the country. Saudi Arabian Airlines (SV) (website: www.saudiairlines.com) connects all main centres. Arabian Express economy class connects Jeddah with Riyadh in just over one hour and Riyadh with Dhahran in just under one hour. A boarding pass should be obtained the evening before departure. There are special flights for pilgrims arriving at or departing from Jeddah during the Hajj.

A fast car ferry runs between Duba and Hurghada twice daily on Sundays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Dhows may be chartered for outings on both coasts.

The railway is operated by the Saudi Railways Organisation (website: www.saudirailways.org). Children under four travel free. The main railway line is the 570km- (354-mile-) long Riyadh–Dammam line, which links Dhahran, Abqaiq, Hofuf, Harad and Al Kharj. There is a daily service in air-conditioned trains with dining car. An additional line links Riyadh with Hofuf. The railway on the west coast made famous by Lawrence of Arabia’s raid has long since been abandoned to the desert.

Traffic drives on the right. The road network is constantly being upgraded and expanded and, on the main routes, much of it is of the highest standard. The corniche that winds down the escarpment between Taif and Mecca is as spectacular a feat of engineering as may be seen anywhere, as is the King Fahed Gateway that links Saudi Arabia to Bahrain. However, standards of driving are erratic, particularly in the Eastern Province. As foreigners are tolerated rather than welcomed in Saudi Arabia, it is best to drive with extreme caution at all times. Women are not allowed to drive vehicles or ride bicycles on public roads. Non-Muslims may not enter Mecca or the immediate area; police are stationed to ensure that they turn off onto a specially built ring road, known amongst expatriates as the ‘Christian Bypass’.

Bus: Services have recently been developed by SAPTCO to serve inter-urban and local needs. Modern vehicles have been acquired, including air-conditioned double-deckers. All buses must have a screened-off section for the exclusive use of female passengers.

Taxi: Available in all cities, but often very expensive. Some have meters, and fares should be negotiated in advance.

Car hire: The major international car hire agencies have offices in Saudi Arabia. The minimum age is 25.

Documentation: A national driving licence is valid for up to three months if accompanied by an officially sanctioned translation into Arabic. An International Driving Permit (with translation) is recommended, but not required by law. Women are not allowed to drive. There are also restrictions on women travelling by car with men who are not related by blood or marriage.