The Netherlands, is a lively mix of tradition, in the form of windmills and tulips, and fast-paced modern European life.

The Dutch are generally an affable race, with a good sense of humour and a keen sense of how to enjoy themselves, whether it be relaxing in the countryside or partying hard in the big cities. Despite their country’s puritan past, they are known for tolerance, or at least turning a blind eye.

Known as being largely flat (much of the country lies below sea level, and another great swathe is made up of ‘polder’, or land reclaimed from the sea), The Netherlands is an ideal destination for those who enjoy pursuits like cycling or walking without over-exerting themselves. But it is a cultured land as well, as the seemingly endless list of great Dutch artists testifies.

The Netherlands’ roots in the arts stem from the 17th century, the so-called ‘Golden Age’, which placed this tiny but rich country at the forefront of European culture. The gaining of the upper hand by imperial influence and the annexing of The Netherlands to the far-flung empire of the Hapsburgs in the 16th century resulted in the rebellion of the largely Protestant northern provinces of the Low Countries, led by William of Orange and Nassau - this struggle for independence would last until 1648. This was compounded by a remarkable growth in Dutch sea power, as many Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the New World and East Asia were seized. This reached its acme in 1689 when William III of Orange became King of England - although the association was severed on his death in 1702.

The Dutch are enthusiastic Europeans, and the European Union is the main focus of Dutch foreign policy. Their country is full of interest, heritage and fun for the visitor.

Robin McKelvie

41,528 sq km (16,034 sq miles).

16.5 million (2006 estimate).

394 per sq km.

Amsterdam. Population: 739,295 (2005). Seat of Government: The Hague. Population: 456,886 (2005).

Constitutional monarchy since 1848.

Dutch is the official language. English, German and French are widely spoken. Fries is spoken by the majority of people in the northern province of Friesland.

31% Roman Catholic, 13% Dutch Reformed Church, 7% Calvinist, 5.5% Muslim, 43.5% other religions or none.

GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 from last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October).

It is customary to shake hands. English is spoken as a second language by many and is willingly used; many Dutch people will also speak German and French. Hospitality is very much the same as for the rest of Europe and the USA. It is customary to take a small gift if invited for a meal. Casual wear is widely acceptable. Men are expected to wear a suit for business and social functions. Formal wear may be required for smart restaurants, bars and clubs. Evening dress (black tie for men) is generally specified on invitation.

220 volts AC, 50Hz. Two-pin European-style plugs are in use.

Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende since 2002.

Queen Beatrix Van Oranje Nassau since 1980.