Since the extensive phosphate fields were found in the 1900s, the island has been mainly used for the mining of the natural fertiliser. The Nauru Phosphate Corporation is the largest employer.

The population lives mainly on the coast or on the shore of Buada Lagoon, the remainder of the island being used for phosphate extraction. As yet, little is given over purely to tourism, although the situation is slowly changing.

21.3 sq km (8.2 sq miles).

10,131 (2006 estimate).

475.6 per sq km.

There is no capital. Government offices are in Yaren district. Population: 672 (1992).

Republic. Gained independence from Australia in 1968. 

Nauruan and English are spoken.

Christian, mostly Nauruan Protestant Church. There is also a significant Roman Catholic minority.

GMT + 12.

The island has a casual atmosphere in which diplomacy and tact are always preferable to confrontation; European customs continue alongside local traditions.

240 volts AC, 50Hz.

President Ludwig Scotty since 2004.