Although The Gambia is mainland Africa’s smallest nation, it is scenically varied, with sandy beaches, lush tropical forests, swamps, marshes and large areas of wooded savannah. The River Gambia, one of Africa’s great waterways, dominates the country.

The Gambia is a birdwatcher’s paradise, with over 540 different species. While the country’s parks, reserves and up-country villages are a major draw for ecotourists and those interested in African culture, for many visitors it is the country’s pleasant tropical climate and relaxing beach resorts which are the star attraction.

The area around the River Gambia, known to the Carthaginians in the fifth century BC, subsequently became part of several successive African empires. During the colonial period, several European powers contested for ownership of the river and the rich trade which it carried. Britain eventually gained control of the lowest reaches, establishing an enclave in the surrounding French territories of Senegal and a useful base from which to launch attacks on French trading settlements.

The Gambia was Britain’s first and last colony, being officially colonised in 1765 and gaining independence 200 years later in February 1965. Since then, the country has enjoyed long spells of stability; unfortunately this has yet to translate into prosperity for its inhabitants.

11,295 sq km (4,361 sq miles).

1.6 million (2006 estimate).

142 per sq km.

Banjul. Population: 38,828 (2003).

Republic. Gained independence from the UK in 1965.

The official language is English. The most widely spoken local languages are Fula, Jola, Mandinka, Manjago, Serahule, Serer and Wolof.

Over 85% Muslim, with the remainder holding either Christian or animist beliefs.

GMT.

Handshaking is a common form of greeting; Salaam aleikum (‘Peace be upon you’) is the traditional greeting. Nanga def (‘How are you?’ in Wolof) is widely used on the coast; Kaira be (‘I wish you peace’ in Mandinka) is widely used inland. Gambians are extremely friendly and welcoming and in general visitors should not be afraid to accept their hospitality, but should exercise common sense in their dealings with the persistent would-be guides, known locally as ‘bumsters’, who operate in some tourist areas. Many Gambians are Muslim and their religious customs and beliefs should be respected by guests; however, most understand the English customs and language. Visitors should remember that the right hand, not the left, must be used for the giving or receiving of food or objects. Casual wear is suitable, although beachwear should only be worn on the beach or at the poolside. Only the most exclusive dining rooms encourage guests to dress for dinner. Despite the effects of tourism, traditional culture in music, dancing and craftsmanship still flourishes in the many villages in up-country Gambia. Travellers are advised not to photograph Banjul airport or military bases and to ask the permission of any locals if wishing to photograph them and their village.

230 volts AC, 50Hz. Plugs are either UK-style with three flat pins or Western European-style with three round pins.

President Al-Haji Yahya AJJ Jammeh since 1994.