The laid-back island of Barbados combines pristine beaches, crystal clear water and vibrant flora with great music, delicious food and a strong sense of history and culture. The handsome colonial buildings of the capital, Bridgetown, date mainly from the 18th century. Many of the island’s mixed race population are descendants of the African slaves, brought over to work the colonial sugar plantations.

The dramatic differences between the east and west coast must not be missed. The east (Atlantic side) is less developed and ruggedly beautiful. The Caribbean west coast has more hotel development, but the coastline remains elegant and attractive. The sea is calm and clear and watersports come into their own. The warm Caribbean waters teem with colourful fish swimming in vibrant coral reefs. Visit underwater caves, lush tropical gardens, sugar-cane factories, rum distilleries or plantation houses.

Nightlife is lively with floorshows of limbo dancers and pulsing reggae music - a perfect accompaniment to the Bajan cuisine of spicy seafood, tropical fruits and vegetables, washed down with rum cocktails and fresh fruit juices.

Little is known of the early history of Barbados – it was probably occupied by Arawak Indians from South America until the arrival of the Spanish in 1492. The earliest European arrivals were the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The British established the first settlements in 1627 and declared Barbados a British colony in 1663. African slaves were brought to the island to work on the sugar plantations until the abolition of slavery in the mid 19th century. Barbados joined the West Indies Federation in 1958 and was granted internal self-government three years later. Full independence within the British Commonwealth was achieved in 1966.

Sally McFall

430 sq km (166 sq miles).

279,000 (2006).

648.8 per sq km.

Bridgetown. Population: 98,900 (2003).

Constitutional monarchy. Gained independence from the UK in 1966.

The official language is English. Local Bajan dialect is also spoken.

Mainly Christian, with an Anglican majority, Roman Catholic minority, plus small Jewish, Hindu and Muslim communities.

GMT - 4.

Social attitudes, like administration and architecture, tend to echo that of British towns. However, the optimistic attitude, laid-back manner and wonderful sense of humour of the Bajans is well appreciated by many tourists. Casual wear is acceptable in most places. Dressing for dinner in hotels and restaurants is suggested. Smoking is generally unrestricted. Topless bathing is frowned upon. Certain homosexual acts are illegal.

110-115 volts AC, 50Hz. American-style two-pin plugs are in use.

Prime Minister Owen Seymour Arthur since 1994.

HM Queen Elizabeth II, represented locally by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husband since 1996.