Despite a turbulent history, Bulgaria is the oldest surviving state in Europe to have kept its original name (since AD681) and most of the population are descendants of the Bulgar invasion of the south Danube around that time.

A Balkan country with spectacular mountains and a coastline on the Black Sea, Bulgaria has a lot to offer to visitors. With mountains occupying half the country’s territory, Bulgaria is emerging as a new bargain ski destination. Visitors can stay in towns and villages that have aimed to preserve the authentic Bulgarian spirit and hospitality.

Bulgaria is especially proud of its rich folklore traditions. Folk dances, music, national costumes and traditional rituals play an important part in the life of Bulgarians. In addition, the Black Sea Coast has over 370km (232 miles) of coastline with sandy beaches and numerous attractive resorts which are ideal for both traditional seaside family holidays or more active stays.

Part of the Ottoman empire for around 500 years and a former satellite of the Soviet Union for nearly half a century, Bulgaria succeeded in integrating into western alliances when it became a NATO member in March 2004. The 10 November 1989 marked the beginning of the democratic changes in Bulgaria. In 1990 Zhelyu Zhelev became the first democratically elected president of Bulgaria. A new constitution was adopted (1991), the political parties were restored, and privatisation and restitution of the land started. Bulgaria joined the European Union in January 2007.

110,994 sq km (42,855 sq miles).

7.8 million (official estimate 2005).

70.7 per sq km.

Sofia. Population: 1.2 million (2005).

Democratic Republic.

Bulgarian is the official language and the Cyrillic alphabet is used. Turkish and Macedonian are amongst the minority languages. English, German, French and Russian are spoken in major tourist resorts and hotels.

The majority of the population are Christian, the main denomination being Bulgarian Orthodox Church with a membership of 83% of the population. Eastern Orthodox Chrisitianity is considered to be the traditional religion in Bulgaria. There is also a significant Muslim minority (13%) and a small Jewish community.

GMT + 2 (GMT + 3 from last Sunday in March to Saturday before last Sunday in October).

Normal courtesies should be observed and handshaking is the normal form of greeting. Dress should be conservative but casual. If invited to the home, a small souvenir from one’s homeland is an acceptable gift. Do not give money. Remember that a nod of the head means ‘No’ and a shake means ‘Yes’. Smoking: Since 1 January 2005, Bulgarian restaurants, cafes, nightclubs etc have zones for smokers and non-smokers. There is no smoking in public places.

220 volts AC, 50Hz. Plugs are two-pin.

Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev since 2005.

President Georgi Parvanov since 2002.